Lexicon

Lexicon#

Glossary

A Priori: Knowledge that precedes experience.
A Posteriori: Knowledge that arises through experience.
Being: What is.
Bedeutung: That to which a name refers.
Existence: TODO
Form: TODO
Language: TODO
Noumena: TODO
Nothing: TODO
Phenomena: The apparent thing.
Semantics: TODO
Sinn: The means by which a name refers.
Synthesis: TODO
Truth: Everything that is the case.
Vorhandenheit: That which is without the world.
World: Everything that is.
Zuhandenheit: That which is within the world.

A Posteriori#

TODO

A Priori#

TODO

Being#

        graph TD
    %% Material UI Tonal Palette Definitions (Legibility focused)
    classDef pie fill:#E1BEE7,stroke:#7B1FA2,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;
    classDef ancient fill:#FFECB3,stroke:#FFA000,stroke-width:1px,color:#000;
    classDef romance fill:#B3E5FC,stroke:#0288D1,stroke-width:1px,color:#000;
    classDef germanic fill:#DCEDC8,stroke:#689F38,stroke-width:1px,color:#000;
    classDef english fill:#C5CAE9,stroke:#303F9F,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;

    %% Proto-Indo-European Roots
    PIE1["PIE: *h₁es- (to be)<br/>/h₁es/"]:::pie
    PIE2["PIE: *bʰuH- (to become/grow)<br/>/bʰuH/"]:::pie
    PIE3["PIE: *wes- (to live/dwell)<br/>/wes/"]:::pie
    PIE4["PIE: *sed- (to sit)<br/>/sed/"]:::pie

    %% Hellenic
    AG["Ancient Greek: εἶναι<br/>/êː.nai̯/"]:::ancient
    PIE1 --> AG

    %% Italic / Latin
    LAT1["Latin: esse<br/>/ˈes.se/"]:::ancient
    LAT2["Latin: sedēre<br/>/seˈdeː.re/"]:::ancient
    PIE1 --> LAT1
    PIE4 --> LAT2

    %% Romance
    ROM_IT["Italian: essere<br/>/ˈɛs.se.re/"]:::romance
    ROM_FR["French: être<br/>/ɛtʁ/"]:::romance
    ROM_ES["Spanish: ser<br/>/seɾ/"]:::romance

    LAT1 --> ROM_IT
    LAT1 -->|via Vulgar Latin *essere| ROM_FR
    LAT2 -->|suppletion of infinitive| ROM_ES

    %% Germanic
    PG1["Proto-Germanic: *wesaną<br/>/ˈwe.sɑ.nɑ̃/"]:::germanic
    PG2["Proto-Germanic: *beuną<br/>/ˈbeu̯.nɑ̃/"]:::germanic

    PIE3 --> PG1
    PIE2 --> PG2

    %% English
    OE1["Old English: wesan<br/>/ˈwe.zɑn/"]:::english
    OE2["Old English: bēon<br/>/ˈbeːo̯n/"]:::english

    PG1 --> OE1
    PG2 --> OE2

    ME["Middle English: been<br/>/beːn/"]:::english
    OE2 --> ME
    
    ModE["Modern English: be<br/>/biː/"]:::english
    ME --> ModE

Ancient Hebrew#

Important

Transliterations are given in parenthesis.

הָיָה (verb)#
Aspect, Gender	First Person Singular	Second Person Singular	Third Person Singular	First Person Plural	Second Person Plural	Third Person Plural
Perfect, Masculine	הָיִיתִי (hāyîṯî)	הָיִיתָ (hāyîṯā)	הָיָה (hāyâ)	הָיִינוּ (hāyînû)	הֱיִיתֶם (hĕyîṯem)	הָיוּ (hāyû)
Perfect, Feminine	הָיִיתִי (hāyîṯî)	הָיִית (hāyîṯ)	הָיְתָה (hāyǝṯâ)	הָיִינוּ (hāyînû)	הֱיִיתֶן (hĕyîṯen)	הָיוּ (hāyû)
Imperfect, Masculine	אֶהְיֶה (’ehyeh)	תִּהְיֶה (tihyeh)	יִהְיֶה (yihyeh)	נִהְיֶה (nihyeh)	תִּהְיוּ (tihyû)	יִהְיוּ (yihyû)
Imperfect, Feminine	אֶהְיֶה (’ehyeh)	תִּהְיִי (tihyî)	תִּהְיֶה (tihyeh)	נִהְיֶה (nihyeh)	תִּהְיֶינָה (tihyeynâ)	תִּהְיֶינָה (tihyeynâ)

Note

Ancient Hebrew does not possess a temporal tense modality.

יֵשׁ (yēš): The affirmative existential particle, e.g. “there is …”, “there are …”, etc.
אַיִן (’ayin): The negative existential particle, e.g. “there is not …”, “there are not …”, etc.

Koine Greek#

εἶναι (verb)#
Tense, Mood	First Person Singular	Second Person Singular	Third Person Singular	First Person Plural	Second Person Plural	Third Person Plural
Present, Indicative	εἰμί	εἶ	ἐστί	ἐσμέν	ἐστέ	εἰσί
Imperfect, Indicative	ἦν	ἦσθα	ἦν	ἦμεν	ἦτε	ἦσαν
Future, Indicative	ὦ	ᾖς	ᾖ	ὦμεν	ἦτε	ὦσι
Present, Subjunctive	ὦ	ᾖς	ᾖ	ὦμεν	ἦτε	ὦσι
Present, Optative	εἴην	εἴης	εἴη	εἶμεν	εἶτε	εἶεν
Future, Optative	ἐσοίμην	ἔσοιο	ἔσοιτο	ἐσοίμεθα	ἔσοισθε	ἔσοιντο
Present, Imperative	—	ἴσθι	ἔστω	—	ἔστε	ἔστων

εἶναι (participle)#
Aspect, Gender	Nominative	Genitive	Dative	Accusative	Vocative
Present, Masculine	ὤν/ὄντες	ὄντος/ὄντων	ὄντι/οὖσι	ὄντα/ὄντας	ὤν/ὄντες
Present, Feminine	οὖσα/οὖσαι	οὔσης/οὐσῶν	οὔσῃ/οὔσαις	οὖσαν/οὔσας	οὖσα/οὖσαι
Present, Neuter	ὄν/ὄντα	ὄντος/ὄντων	ὄντι/οὖσι	ὄν/ὄντα	ὄν/ὄντα

τὸ ὄν: Neuter singluar present participle. The what-is, the that-which-is, the being, etc.
τὰ ὄντα: Neuter plural present participle. The things-that-are, the being-things, etc.
ἡ οὐσία: Feminine present participle. The being-nature, the being-essence, the being-substance.

Old English#

eom (verb)#
Tense, Mood	First Person Singular	Second Person Singular	Third Person Singular	First Person Plural	Second Person Plural	Third Person Plural
Present Indicative	eom	eart	is	sind / sindon / sint	sind / sindon / sint	sind / sindon / sint
Present, Subjunctive	sīe	sīe	sīe	sīen	sīen	sīen

bēon (verb)#
Tense, Mood	First Person Singular	Second Person Singular	Third Person Singular	First Person Plural	Second Person Plural	Third Person Plural
Present, Indicative	bēo	bist	biþ	bēoþ	bēoþ	bēoþ
Present, Subjunctive	bēo	bēo	bēo	bēon	bēon	bēon

wesan (verb)#
Tense, Mood	First Person Singular	Second Person Singular	Third Person Singular	First Person Plural	Second Person Plural	Third Person Plural
Past, Indicative	wæs	wǣre	wæs	wǣron	wǣron	wǣron
Past, Subjunctive	wǣre	wǣre	wǣre	wǣron	wǣron	wǣron

wesende: “being”

Modern German#

sein (verb)#
Tense	First Person Singular	Second Person Singular	Third Person Singular	First Person Plural	Second Person Plural	Third Person Plural
Present Indicative	bin	bist	ist	sind	seid	sind
Past Indicative	war	warst	war	waren	wart	waren
Present Subjunctive	sei	seist	sei	seien	seiet	seien
Past Subjunctive	wäre	wärest	wäre	wären	wäret	wären

sein (participle)#
Aspect	Singular	Plural
Present	seiende	seienden
Past	gewesen	gewesenen

Sein: Infintive. The is, the being.
das Seiende: Singular neuter present participle. The thing-that-is, the being-thing, etc.
die Seienden: Plural neuter present participle. The things-which-are, the being-things.
Wesen: The essence, the nature, the whatness.
Dasein: The being-there, the being-in-the-world.

Bedeutung#

bedeuten (verb), Modern German#
Tense	First Person Singular	Second Person Singular	Third Person Singular	First Person Plural	Second Person Plural	Third Person Plural
Present	bedeute	bedeutest	bedeutet	bedeuten	bedeutet	bedeuten
Past	bedeutete	bedeutetest	bedeutete	bedeuteten	bedeutetet	bedeuteten
Present Perfect	habe bedeutet	hast bedeutet	hat bedeutet	haben bedeutet	habt bedeutet	haben bedeutet

be: Prefix denoting direct or transitive action.
deuten: To point, to indicate, to interpret.
bedeuten: To mean, to signify, to matter.

Descended from Middle High German bediuten and diuten, which in turn descends from Old High Germen bidiuten. Derives from the Old High German noun diot or thiot, which means “people”, “*nation” or “tribe”, i.e. to make understandable to people.

Deduction#

Koine Greek

συλλογισμός

Form#

Koine Greek	εἶδος / μορφή
Latin	forma / species / idea / figura / essentia

Existence#

TODO

Noumena#

TODO

Nothing#

TODO

Phenomena#

φαινόμενον (noun), Koine Greek#
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	φαινόμενον	φαινόμενα
Genitive	φαινομένου	φαινομένων
Dative	φαινομένῳ	φαινομένοις
Accusative	φαινόμενον	φαινόμενα
Vocative	φαινόμενον	φαινόμενα

φαίνειν (verb), Koine Greek#
Tense	First Person Singular	Second Person Singular	Third Person Singular	First Person Plural	Second Person Plural	Third Person Plural
Present Indicative	φαίνω	φαίνεις	φαίνει	φαίνομεν	φαίνετε	φαίνουσι
Present Subjunctive	φαίνω	φαίνῃς	φαίνῃ	φαίνωμεν	φαίνητε	φαίνωσι
Present Optative	φαίνοιμι	φαίνοις	φαίνοι	φαίνοιμεν	φαίνοιτε	φαίνοιεν
Future Indicative	φανῶ	φανεῖς	φανεῖ	φανοῦμεν	φανεῖτε	φανοῦσι
Present Imperative	—	φαῖνε	φαινέτω	—	φαίνετε	φαινόντων

φαίνειν (participle), Koine Greek#
Aspect, Gender	Singular	Plural
Present, Masculine	φαίνων	φαίνοντος
Present, Feminine	φαίνουσα	φαινούσης
Present, Neuter	φαῖνον	φαίνοντος

Language#

Koine Greek

Nouns

γλῶσσα: language, tongue, speech
λόγος: word, speech, reason, account, argument, principle, discourse
διάλεκτος: A way of speaking.
φωνή: sound, voice.

Verbs

ἑρμηνεύω: To interpret, to explain, to translate, to expound
ἐξηγέομαι: To explain, to narrate, to expound

Psyche#

ψυχή (noun), Koine Greek#
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ψυχή	ψυχαί
Genitive	ψυχῆς	ψυχῶν
Dative	ψυχῇ	ψυχαῖς
Accusative	ψυχήν	ψυχάς
Vocative	ψυχή	ψυχαί

Semantics#

σῆμα (noun), Koine Greek#
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	σῆμα	σημασία

Latin#
Latin	significatio / signum

Sinn#

Sinn (noun), German#
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	Sinn	Sinne
Genitive	Sinnes / Sinns	Sinne
Dative	Sinn / Sinne	Sinnen
Accusative	Sinn	Sinne

Synthesis#

TODO

Truth#

ἀλήθεια (noun), Koine Greek#
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ἀλήθεια	ἀλήθειαι
Genitive	ἀληθείας	ἀληθειῶν
Dative	ἀληθείᾳ	ἀληθείαις
Accusative	ἀλήθειαν	ἀληθείας
Vocative	ἀλήθεια	ἀλήθειαι

veritas (noun), Latin#
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	veritas	veritates
Genitive	veritatis	veritatum
Dative	veritati	veritatibus
Accusative	veritatem	veritates
Ablative	veritate	veritatibus
Vocative	veritas	veritates

Vorhandenheit#

Vorhandenheit (noun), German#
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	Vorhandenheit	Vorhandenheiten
Genitive	Vorhandenheit	Vorhandenheiten
Dative	Vorhandenheit	Vorhandenheiten
Accusative	Vorhandenheit	Vorhandenheiten

World#

TODO

Zuhandenheit#

Zuhandenheit (noun), German#
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	Zuhandenheit	Zuhandenheiten
Genitive	Zuhandenheit	Zuhandenheiten
Dative	Zuhandenheit	Zuhandenheiten
Accusative	Zuhandenheit	Zuhandenheiten

Lexicon

Contents

Lexicon#

A Posteriori#

A Priori#

Being#

Ancient Hebrew#

Koine Greek#

Old English#

Modern German#

Bedeutung#

Deduction#

Form#

Existence#

Noumena#

Nothing#

Phenomena#

Language#

Psyche#

Semantics#

Sinn#

Synthesis#

Truth#

Vorhandenheit#

World#

Zuhandenheit#